The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
There are currently no drugs listed for "Mucous Plugging in Lung Disease".
Generic Name: zinc supplement (Oral route, Parenteral route)
In the U.S.
In Canada
Available Dosage Forms:
Zinc supplements are used to prevent or treat zinc deficiency.
The body needs zinc for normal growth and health. For patients who are unable to get enough zinc in their regular diet or who have a need for more zinc, zinc supplements may be necessary. They are generally taken by mouth but some patients may have to receive them by injection.
Zinc supplements may be used for other conditions as determined by your health care professional.
Lack of zinc may lead to poor night vision and wound-healing, a decrease in sense of taste and smell, a reduced ability to fight infections, and poor development of reproductive organs.
In addition, premature infants may need additional zinc.
Increased need for zinc should be determined by your health care professional.
Claims that zinc is effective in preventing vision loss in the elderly have not been proven. Zinc has not been proven effective in the treatment of porphyria.
Injectable zinc is given by or under the supervision of a health care professional. Other forms of zinc are available without a prescription.
Once a medicine or dietary supplement has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although this use is not included in product labeling, zinc supplements are used in certain patients with the following medical condition:
For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. If you think that you are not getting enough vitamins and/or minerals in your diet, you may choose to take a dietary supplement.
Zinc is found in various foods, including lean red meats, seafood (especially herring and oysters), peas, and beans. Zinc is also found in whole grains; however, large amounts of whole-grains have been found to decrease the amount of zinc that is absorbed. Additional zinc may be added to the diet through treated (galvanized) cookware. Foods stored in uncoated tin cans may cause less zinc to be available for absorption from food.
The daily amount of zinc needed is defined in several different ways.
Normal daily recommended intakes in milligrams (mg) for zinc are generally defined as follows:
| Persons | U.S. (mg) | Canada (mg) |
| Infants and children birth to 3 years of age | 5–10 | 2–4 |
| Children 4 to 6 years of age | 10 | 5 |
| Children 7 to 10 years of age | 10 | 7–9 |
| Adolescent and adult males | 15 | 9–12 |
| Adolescent and adult females | 12 | 9 |
| Pregnant females | 15 | 15 |
| Breast-feeding females | 16–19 | 15 |
If you are taking a dietary supplement without a prescription, carefully read and follow any precautions on the label. For these supplements, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Problems in children have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts.
Problems in older adults have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. There is some evidence that the elderly may be at risk of becoming deficient in zinc due to poor food selection, decreased absorption of zinc by the body, or medicines that decrease absorption of zinc or increase loss of zinc from the body.
It is especially important that you are receiving enough vitamins and minerals when you become pregnant and that you continue to receive the right amount of vitamins and minerals throughout your pregnancy. The healthy growth and development of the fetus depend on a steady supply of nutrients from the mother. There is evidence that low blood levels of zinc may lead to problems in pregnancy or defects in the baby. However, taking large amounts of a dietary supplement in pregnancy may be harmful to the mother and/or fetus and should be avoided.
It is important that you receive the right amounts of vitamins and minerals so that your baby will also get the vitamins and minerals needed to grow properly. However, taking large amounts of a dietary supplement while breast-feeding may be harmful to the mother and/or baby and should be avoided.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these dietary supplements, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using dietary supplements in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of dietary supplements in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain zinc supplement. It may not be specific to Zinc-220. Please read with care.
Zinc supplements are most effective if they are taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. However, if zinc supplements cause stomach upset, they may be taken with a meal. You should tell your health care professional if you are taking your zinc supplement with meals.
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
If you miss taking zinc supplements for one or more days there is no cause for concern, since it takes some time for your body to become seriously low in zinc. However, if your health care professional has recommended that you take zinc, try to remember to take it as directed every day.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
When zinc combines with certain foods it may not be absorbed into your body and it will do you no good. If you are taking zinc, the following foods should be avoided or taken 2 hours after you take zinc:
Do not take zinc supplements and copper, iron, or phosphorus supplements at the same time. It is best to space doses of these products 2 hours apart, to get the full benefit from each dietary supplement.
Along with its needed effects, a dietary supplement may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Generic Name: vinblastine (vin BLAS teen)
Brand Names: Velban
Vinblastine is cancer medication that interferes with the growth of cancer cells and slows their spread in the body.
Vinblastine is used to treat Hodgkin's disease, certain types of lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, choriocarcinoma (a type of uterine cancer), Kaposi's sarcoma, and Letterer-Siwe disease.
Vinblastine is often used in combination with other cancer medications.
Vinblastine may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Before you receive vinblastine, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, wasting syndrome, skin ulcers, coronary artery disease, a history of blood clot or stroke, or cancer that has spread to your bone marrow.
Vinblastine is often used in combination with other cancer medications.
Vinblastine can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections. Avoid being near people who have colds, the flu, or other contagious illnesses. Your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled appointments. Contact your doctor at once if you develop signs of infection.
severely low white blood cell counts; or
an untreated or uncontrolled bacterial infection.
If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication:
wasting syndrome (decreased weight with loss of muscle tissue);
skin ulcers, bed sores;
coronary artery disease, a history of blood clot or stroke (including "mini-stroke"); or
cancer than has spread to your bone marrow.
Vinblastine is given as an injection through a needle placed into a vein. You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting. The medicine must be given slowly through an IV infusion.
Vinblastine is usually given once every 7 days. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Vinblastine can lower the blood cells that help your body fight infections. This can make it easier for you to bleed from an injury or get sick from being around others who are ill. To be sure your blood cells do not get too low, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your cancer treatments may be delayed based on the results of these tests. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss an appointment for your vinblastine injection.
Overdose symptoms may include severe forms of the serious side effects listed in this medication guide.
Avoid being near people who have colds, the flu, or other contagious illnesses. Contact your doctor at once if you develop signs of infection.
Talk to your doctor about ways to avoid constipation while being treated with vinblastine.
signs of infection such as fever, chills, sore throat, mouth pain, white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips;
pale skin, feeling light-headed or short of breath, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating;
easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;
numbness, burning, pain, or tingly feeling;
bronchospasm (wheezing, chest tightness, trouble breathing);
severe constipation;
problems with vision, hearing, speech, balance, or daily activities;
sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body, sudden headache or confusion;
chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling; or
pain, burning, redness, swelling, or skin changes where the IV needle was placed.
Less serious side effects may include:
temporary hair loss;
jaw pain;
tumor pain, bone pain;
missed menstrual periods;
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; or
feeling weak or tired.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Usual Adult Dose for Breast Cancer:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Kaposi's Sarcoma:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Testicular Cancer:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Hodgkin's Disease:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Mycosis Fungoides:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Choriocarcinoma:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Lymphoma:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Adult Dose for Histiocytosis:
Initial Dose: 3.7 mg/m2 intravenously over approximately one minute, once.
Because of the variation in the depth of the leukopenic response following therapy, the manufacturer recommends that vinblastine not be given more frequently than once every 7 days. However, there are several multiple day regimens where the dose is split into several consecutive days.
The manufacturer outlines the following conservative incremental approach to dosage at weekly intervals for adults. Therapy may be continued at 5.5 mg/m2 for the second dose, 7.4 mg/m2 for the third dose, 9.25 mg/m2 for the fourth dose, and 11.1 mg/m2 for the fifth dose. This progression may be followed up to a maximum dosage of 18.5 mg/m2. Dosage regimens may vary in clinical practice according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used.
White blood cell counts should be obtained just prior to dosage administration. The nadir in the white blood cell count is generally observed from 5 to 10 days following the dosage. Recovery to pretreatment levels is usually observed from 7 to 14 days after treatment. If a dose reduces the white cell count to approximately 3,000 cells/mm3, the next dose should not be given until the white cell count has returned to at least 4,000/mm3. The previous dosage increment may then be administered at weekly intervals for maintenance. In some cases, oncolytic activity may be encountered before leukopenic effect. When this occurs, there is no need to increase subsequent doses.
The manufacturer states that the use of small amounts of vinblastine daily for long periods of time is not advisable and that strict adherence to the recommended dosage schedule is very important.
The duration of maintenance therapy varies according to the disease being treated and the combination of antineoplastic agents being used. Prolonged chemotherapy for maintaining remissions involves several risks, including life-threatening infectious diseases, sterility and the appearance of other cancers through suppression of immune surveillance. These risks must be balanced with potential benefits of therapy.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Malignant Disease:
Hodgkin's disease: 2.5 to 6 mg/m2/day once every one to two weeks for three to six weeks. The maximum weekly dose is 12.5 mg/m2.
Histiocytosis: 0.4 mg/kg once every seven to ten days.
Germ cell tumor: 0.2 mg/kg on days one and two of the cycle every three weeks for four cycles.
Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially:
conivaptan (Vaprisol);
diclofenac (Arthrotec, Cataflam, Voltaren, Flector Patch, Solareze);
imatinib (Gleevec);
isoniazid (for treating tuberculosis);
phenytoin (Dilantin);
an antibiotic such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), dalfopristin/quinupristin (Synercid), erythromycin (E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin), or telithromycin (Ketek);
antifungal medication such as clotrimazole (Mycelex Troche), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), or voriconazole (Vfend);
an antidepressant such as nefazodone;
heart or blood pressure medication such as diltiazem (Cartia, Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), nifedipine (Nifedical, Procardia), verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan), and others;
cancer medicines such as cisplatin (Platinol), carboplatin (Paraplatin), mitomycin (Mutamycin), or oxaliplatin (Elixatin);
HIV/AIDS medicine such as atazanavir (Reyataz), delavirdine (Rescriptor), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), or ritonavir (Norvir).
This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with vinblastine. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
See also: vinblastine side effects (in more detail)
D-GAM ®, Human Anti-D Immunoglobulin, 1,500 and 2,500 IU, solution for injection.
Each vial contains either 1500 IU or 2500 IU human Anti-D immunoglobulin
One mL contains 1250 IU/mL human Anti-D immunoglobulin.
*100 micrograms of human anti-D immunoglobulin correspond to 500 international units (IU).
Human protein content 20 - 180 g/L of which at least 95% is IgG.
For excipients see 6.1.
A solution for injection.
Prevention of RhD immunisation in RhD negative women:
i. Pregnancy/delivery of a RhD positive baby.
ii. Abortion/threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy or hydatidiform mole.
iii. After ante-partum haemorrhage (APH), amniocentesis, chorionic biopsy or obstetric manipulative procedure e.g. external version, or abdominal trauma, which may cause transplacental haemorrhage (TPH).
Treatment of RhD negative patients after transfusions of RhD positive blood or other products containing RhD positive red blood cells (e.g. platelets).
Posology
a) Post-Natal Dosage:
The recommended dose is 500 IU.
For postnatal use, the product should be administered as soon as possible within 72 hours of delivery.
If a large fetomaternal haemorrhage is suspected, its extent should be determined by a suitable method and additional doses of anti-D should be administered as indicated.
b) Ante-Natal Prophylaxis:
A single dose of 1,500 IU at 28 weeks of gestation, or
500 IU given at both 28 and 34 weeks of gestation.
c) Following a Potentially Sensitising Event During Pregnancy:
D-GAM ® should be administered as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours after the event.
Up to 20 weeks gestation: recommended dose is 250 IU per incident.
After 20 weeks gestation: recommended dose is 500 IU per incident. A test for the size of the FMH should be performed when anti-D is given after 20 weeks and additional doses of anti-D should be administered as indicated.
d) Prevention of Immunisation in RhD Negative Patients Given Blood Components Containing RhD Positive Cells:
Recommended doses: 125 IU per mL of transfused RhD positive red cells; 250 IU per three adult doses of platelets.
Method of administration
For intramuscular use (preferably into the deltoid muscle).
D-GAM ® vials are for single use only.
In the case of haemorrhagic disorders, where intramuscular injections are contra-indicated, Anti-D immunoglobulin may be administered subcutaneously. Careful manual pressure with a compress should be applied to the site after injection.
If large total doses (>5 mL) are required, it is advisable to administer them in divided doses at different sites.
Hypersensitivity to any of the components.
Do not administer this product intravenously (risk of shock).
In the case of post-partum use, the product is intended for maternal administration. It should not be given to the newborn infant.
The product is not intended for use in RhD positive individuals.
Patients should be observed for at least 20 minutes after administration.
If symptoms of allergic or anaphylactic type reactions occur, immediate discontinuation of the administration is required.
True hypersensitivity reactions are rare but allergic type responses to Anti-D immunoglobulin may occur. Patients should be informed of the early signs of hypersensitivity reactions including hives, generalised urticaria, tightness of the chest, wheezing, hypotension and anaphylaxis. The treatment required depends on the nature and severity of the side effect. In case of shock, the current medical standards for shock treatment should be observed.
D-GAM ® contains a small quantity of IgA. Although anti-D immunoglobulin has been used successfully to treat selected IgA deficient individuals, the attending physician must weigh the benefit against the potential risks of hypersensitivity reactions. Individuals deficient in IgA have a potential for development of IgA antibodies and anaphylactic reactions after administration of blood components containing IgA.
Standard measures to prevent infections resulting from the use of medicinal products prepared from human blood or plasma include selection of donors, screening of individual donations and plasma pools for specific markers of infection and the inclusion of effective manufacturing steps for the inactivation/removal of viruses. Despite this, when medicinal products prepared from human blood or plasma are administered, the possibility of transmitting infective agents cannot be totally excluded. This also applies to unknown or emerging viruses and other pathogens.
The viral removal/inactivation procedures may be of limited value against non-enveloped viruses such as hepatitis A virus or parvovirus B19.
In the interest of patients, it is recommended that, whenever possible, every time that D-GAM ® is administered to them, the name and batch number of the product is registered.
Active immunisation with live virus vaccines (e.g. measles, mumps or rubella) should be postponed until 3 months after the administration of Anti-D immunoglobulin, as the efficacy of the live virus vaccine may be impaired. If Anti-D immunoglobulin needs to be administered within 2-4 weeks of a live virus vaccination, then the efficacy of such a vaccination may be impaired.
After injection of immunoglobulin, the transitory rise of the various passively transferred antibodies in the patient's blood may result in misleading positive results in serological testing.
The results of blood typing and antibody testing, including the Coombs' or antiglobulin test, are significantly affected by the administration of anti-D immunoglobulin.
This medicinal product is used in pregnancy.
No effects on ability to drive and use machines have been observed.
Local pain and tenderness can be observed at the injection site; this can be prevented by dividing larger doses over several injection sites.
The following side effects are known to be associated with Anti-D (the incidence has not been quantified): Occasionally fever, malaise, headache, cutaneous reactions and chills occur. In rare cases: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia and allergic or anaphylactic type reactions, including dyspnoea and shock, are reported, even when the patient has shown no hypersensitivity to previous administration.
For information on viral safety see 4.4.
No data are available on overdosage. RhD negative patients who are given RhD positive blood or other products containing RhD positive red blood cells and receive anti-D immunoglobulin should be monitored clinically and by biological parameters, because of the risk of haemolytic reaction.
In other RhD negative individuals, overdosage should not lead to more frequent or more severe undesirable effects than the normal dose.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: immune sera and immunoglobulins: Anti-D (Rh) immunoglobulin. ATC code: J06B B01.
Anti-D immunoglobulin contains specific antibodies (IgG) against the RhD antigen of human erythrocytes.
Measurable levels of antibodies are obtained approximately 8 hours after intramuscular injection. Peak serum levels are usually achieved 2 to 4 days later.
The half-life in the circulation of individuals with normal IgG levels is 3 to 5 weeks.
IgG and IgG-complexes are broken down in cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
D-GAM ® is a preparation of human plasma proteins, so safety testing in animals is not particularly relevant to the safety of use in man. Acute toxicity studies in rat and mouse showed species specific reactions, which bear no relevance to administration in humans.
Repeated dose safety testing is impracticable due to the induction of and interference with antibodies to human protein. Clinical experience provides no sign of tumourigenic and mutagenic effects.
Sodium chloride
Glycine
Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium hydroxide
This medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.
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D-GAM ® should be stored in the original container at 2°C to 8°C. Storage for up to one week at ambient temperatures (25°C) in the original container is not detrimental. DO NOT FREEZE.
The condition of date-expired, or incorrectly stored product cannot be guaranteed. Such product may be unsafe, and should not be used.
Neutral borosilicate glass vial (Type I Ph.Eur.) with overseal consisting of a halobutyl rubber wad (Type I Ph.Eur.), clear lacquered aluminium skirt and flip-off polypropylene cap.
The product should be brought to room or body temperature before use.
The solution should be clear or slightly opalescent. Do not use solutions which are cloudy or have deposits.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
Bio Products Laboratory
Dagger Lane
Elstree
Hertfordshire
WD6 3BX
United Kingdom.
PL 08801/0049 - 1,500 IU and 2,500 IU dose sizes.
31 July 2000
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Generic Name: barium sulfate (Oral route, Rectal route)
BAR-ee-um SUL-fate
In the U.S.
In Canada
Available Dosage Forms:
Therapeutic Class: Diagnostic Agent, Radiological Contrast Media
Barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent. Radiopaque agents are used to help diagnose certain medical problems. Since radiopaque agents are opaque to (block) x-rays, the areas of the body in which they are localized will appear white on the x-ray film. This creates the needed distinction, or contrast, between one organ and other tissues. The contrast will help the doctor see any special conditions that may exist in that organ or part of the body.
Barium sulfate is taken by mouth or given rectally by enema. If taken by mouth, it makes the esophagus, the stomach, and/or the small intestine opaque to the x-rays so that they can be "photographed". If it is given by enema, the colon and/or the small intestine can be seen and photographed by x-rays.
The dose of barium sulfate will be different for different patients and depends on the type of test. The strength of the suspension and tablet is determined by how much barium they contain. Different tests will require a different strength and amount of suspension (some may require the tablet form), depending on the age of the patient, the contrast needed, and the x-ray equipment used.
Barium sulfate is to be used only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor.
In deciding to use a diagnostic test, any risks of the test must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. Also, other things may affect test results. For this test, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Although there is no specific information comparing use of barium sulfate in children with use in other age groups, this agent is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
This contrast agent has been used in older people and has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems in them than it does in younger adults.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this diagnostic test. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain barium sulfate. It may not be specific to Epi-Stat. Please read with care.
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
Make sure to drink plenty of liquids after the test. Otherwise, barium sulfate may cause severe constipation.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: Epi-Stat side effects (in more detail)
The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.
The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.
Smoking cigarettes while using Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets increases your chance of having heart problems. Do not smoke while using Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets. The risk of heart problems increases with age and with frequent smoking. Women older than 35 years old and women who smoke 15 or more cigarettes per day are at a greater risk for heart problems.
Preventing pregnancy. It may be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets are a combination progesterone and estrogen birth control pill. It works by preventing ovulation, altering the cervical mucus, and changing the lining of the uterus.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Breast tenderness or enlargement; changes in appetite; changes in weight; dizziness; hair loss; headache; nausea; stomach cramps or bloating; unusual spotting or bleeding; vomiting.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); breast discharge; breast lumps; calf or leg pain, swelling, or tenderness; change in amount of urine produced; change in vaginal secretions; changes in vision or speech; confusion; coughing of blood; crushing chest pain or heaviness in the chest; dark-colored urine; depression; difficulty wearing contact lenses; fainting; fever; fluid retention (swelling of the fingers and ankles); light-colored bowel movements; mental or mood changes; missed menstrual period; numbness of an arm or leg; one-sided weakness; persistent or new headache or migraines; persistent or recurrent abnormal vaginal bleeding; persistent or severe dizziness; severe pain or tenderness in the stomach; shortness of breath; sudden partial or complete loss of vision; sudden severe headache or vomiting; unusual or persistent tiredness, lack of energy, or trouble sleeping; vaginal irritation or discharge; weakness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
See also: Femcon Fe side effects (in more detail)
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include nausea; vaginal bleeding; vomiting.
Store Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Femcon Fe Chewable Tablets. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
